Investigation Body Temperature Regulation Free Essays

Examination: Body temperature guideline Guiding inquiry: To what point does hide decide an ice foxes prosperity in the wild and how much insurance against extraordinary temperatures does it truly offer. Presentation: In this trial I will endeavor to legitimize my discoveries that I have accumulated throughout a couple of various tests. What I have been gathering data over is the reasonableness of a cold foxes fur garment. We will compose a custom article test on Examination: Body Temperature Regulation or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now I have approached discovering this out by reenacting a model of an ice foxes fur garment through many difficult and distressing conditions. The manner in which I did so was by right off the bat separating the tests into three distinct advances. The initial step involved me endeavoring to place my model ice fox in below zero temperatures, as it would be, in actuality. What I did anyway was to placed two models in the ice chest. The principal was a basic test tube secured with cotton, while the second had a space of cool air between the hide and the test tube reproducing the space that would be made when a fox puffs out its hide practically like when we get goose bumps. The subsequent trial was intended to flag whether it transforms anything to the temperature of my two test tubes if there is wind or not. I additionally did that equivalent investigation of wind with my test tubes both doused with water, again this would reproduce a genuine circumstance, for example, downpour and wind or even day off wind. In conclusion I chose to put my test cylinders (or cold foxes! ) at typical room temperature to decide how much the tests truly influenced the temperatures, along these lines I could perceive what precisely was going on in standing of the cooling bend. Theory: I anticipate that the accompanying test should give me an unpleasant enough thought of cold foxes defensive measures and to assist me with bettering comprehend the full degree of their warmth holding capacities. I expect that my investigation has a lot of defects yet I additionally accept that there will be sufficient crude information to precisely decide a positive outcome. A positive outcome would be one that precisely offers me a thought of how to response my controlling inquiry. If I somehow managed to be increasingly explicit I would state that as I would like to think the test tube with the sight-seeing trapped between the cotton and the genuine test cylinder will have no effect over the one with just cotton around it. I base this upon the hypothesis that the air temperature between the test tube and the cotton will rapidly free any of its warmth and will get repetitive. I can demonstrate this by proceeding with the trials I have intended to decide only that. In conclusion I likewise accept that when I will stand up to the consequences of my two investigations, the one with just the fan and the other with the fan and the wet cotton I will find that the later will be substantially more powerless to the cold and its temperature will diminish significantly more, because of the water that will choke its capacity to hold heat. Mechanical assembly: * Two test containers of equivalent measurements * Cotton fleece to reenact hide on a cold fox * Pieces of wood that make a space of air between the cylinder and the fleece * Timer to precisely give me a period length for which to lead my trial * Fan to mimic breeze * Thermometer to put inside test tube which will precisely compute the temperature of the water held inside it. * Kettle to heat up the water before putting it inside the test tube * Selotape to keep the cotton set up Fridge to reproduce the below zero temperatures that cold foxes should live through Evaluation of mechanical assembly: I feel that the contraption that I utilized are for the most part amazingly great and successful with a couple of key special cases. Right off the bat the cotton isn't exactly a similar material as the hide that an ice fox utilizes, implying that the investigation won't be consistent with reality. It will just give me an unpleasant thought of the ideas of warmth guidelin e inside this specific types of creature, however that will be sufficient to respond to the directing inquiry. Another bit of device that doesn't coordinate precisely my prerequisites is the fan seeing as it just delivers a specific measure of wind and in just a single bearing implying that I should consistently turn my test tube so as to keep the trial reasonable and equivalent. Analysis one: In this examination I will put my test tube’s at room temperature so as to decide before beginning different investigations what the cooling bend would be without it being gotten through any strange conditions. As should be obvious through the charts over the temperature diminishes gradually from the underlying 70 degree beginning temperature. What happens is that test tube one and two gradually begin to disengage structure one another, seeing as test tube one holds heat all the more viably. I will presently observe whether the outcomes will be radically unique with my different tests. I have additionally seen that the test tube 1 has a more noteworthy warmth holding capacity that likely could be because of the layer of air held among it and the test tube. To additionally demonstrate this hypothesis I should proceed with my different tests. Analysis two: In this trial I have put my two test tubes inside the ice chest so as to recreate the below zero cools. In my speculation I said that I thought there would be no distinction between test tube one and two. In the principal test it was demonstrated something else, yet in the accompanying analysis there will be a more noteworthy temperature change so the distinctions in temperature will turn out to be progressively clear over the long haul. As should be obvious in the accompanying diagram there is a substantially more huge contrast between test tube one and test tube two. This shows so far the space of sight-seeing between the cotton fleece and the test tube is starting to work substantially more adequately. This is totally against what I at first said in my theory, where I plainly expressed I figured It would have no effect. In any case in the event that you take a gander at this social occasion of data you can see that the outcomes begin to isolate from one another substantially more essentially than the principal test this shows the more uncommon the temperature the more it assists with having that layer of tourist to secure and keep the ‘arctic fox’ warm. Test three: This is the most significant examination, as I would see it to decide to what degree an ice foxes hide assists keep with excursion the virus. This is on the grounds that I will keep the test tubes at room temperature while setting a fan before it to reproduce wind and the virus wind that accompanies that. It isn't as intense as my past trial yet it is similarly as significant. I hope to get results that are of a higher temperature than the last analysis, yet I additionally expect the distinction between the two test cylinders to build seeing as test tube 2 is greatly improved equipt against this sort of warmth and temperature contrast. Step by step instructions to refer to Investigation: Body Temperature Regulation, Papers

Contribution of Occupational Psychology Theories in the Management Essay

Commitment of Occupational Psychology Theories in the Management - Essay Example The paper advises that word related brain research ordinarily attempts to create and improve the degrees of occupation fulfillment that representatives get. This is by thinking of inspirational strategies or arrangements that an association ought to embrace. Word related brain research additionally helps in expanding the degrees of efficiency inside an establishment. This is on the grounds that it helps in advancing development, which is a fundamental prerequisite for any association to build the degrees of its exhibition. Without development, it is hard for an association to fulfill the different needs of its objective clients. This is on the grounds that, through advancement, an organization or an association would figure out how to create items that fulfill the different needs of its clients. Different issues of worry by word related speculations respect the physical and psychological well-being of these representatives. For any association to get the best from its laborers, it mu st guarantee that these individuals are truly and intellectually sound. An association would accomplish this target by making great working conditions and looking for strategies for dispensing with worry at the work environment. One of the significant hypotheses of word related brain science is the hypothesis of populace nature. The word related brain research hypothesis of populace nature centers around the effect of dynamic changes in an association, which are achieved by the rise or breakdown of the association viable. This hypothetical structure means that populace nature is concentrated over an exceptionally significant stretch of time. Most associations typically have static structures, and these static structures assume a job in frustrating their adjustment to changes. In view of these realities, these associations have a high possibility of neglecting to accomplish their targets and points. Nonetheless, new business associations that have developed would thrive in light of t heir adaptability, and their wants to adjust to changes.

Bad Credit Helper How To Shop For a Credit Counselor

Bad Credit Helper How To Shop For a Credit Counselor Bad Credit Helper: How To Shop for a Credit Counselor Bad Credit Helper: How To Shop for a Credit CounselorIt can be a vicious cycle. A financial hardship hurts your credit, your bad credit creates financial hardship, and on and on it goes. So whats the solution?A professional credit counselor could you help you find your way out of this nightmare. But, as with any major financial decision, choosing the right credit counselor should be done carefully.In many ways, shopping for a credit counselor is a lot like shopping for a bad credit lender. While there are many respectable credit counselors out there who will keep your best interest in mind, there are still a number of not-so-respectable organizations that are just trying to make a quick buck (off of you!).Think of those organizations as the payday lenders of credit counseling. And just like payday lenders, they should be avoided at all costs!That’s why we asked three credit counseling experts for advice on how best to shop around for a credit counselor.(If you want to know more abo ut the basics of credit counseling, then check out our post: Do You Need Credit Counseling?)Look for the warnings signs.Its unfortunate but true: If you have bad credit, low income, or are otherwise in a financially dangerous situation, there are predatory organizations out there looking to take advantage of you. You can learn more about predatory lenders in our ebook How to Protect Yourself from Payday Loans and Predatory Lenders.So how can you tell the difference between the legitimate credit counselors and the scammers?Gary Herman, President of Consolidated Credit Counseling Services  warns that customers should, “Be cautious of any agency that charges an upfront fee for the initial debt evaluation.”“You should also proceed with caution if the credit counselor attempts to push you into a debt management program without fully informing you of the other debt relief options available,” says Herman.“If the fees exceed $79 per month, it’s definitely not legit because that exceeds all state regulations.”According to Mike Sullivan, a personal finance consultant with national nonprofit credit counseling and debt management agency Take Charge America, says upfront payments may be common with housing counseling, student loan counseling and even investment counseling, but that “it should be a warning sign with credit counseling.”“Another warning sign,” says Sullivan, “is an offer to put a consumer on a debt management plan (DMP) without at least a 20-minute discussion and analysis.”“It may well take an hour or more to determine if a DMP is the best solution, but a counselor anxious to get to the business transaction is not putting the consumers concerns first.”Katie Ross, Education and Development Manager for American Consumer Credit Counseling, or ACCC, adds that “any agency that promises to repair your credit is a red flag that they are less than reputable.   No agency can promise this.”What kind of research should you do?Before you start your work with a credit counselor, you should definitely do your research. That way, the odds that you’ll end up working with a less-than-reputable organization are drastically lowered.According to Sullivan, “There are many factors to consider in selecting an agency, such as nonprofit status, counselor certification and state licensing.”He recommends that you “Choose an accredited agency, such as Take Charge America, to ensure the agency employs the best possible business practices (mission and purpose, quality assurance, governance and administration, service environment, financial management, ethics and confidentiality, service delivery).“Visit the National Foundation for Credit Counseling (NFCC) at NFCC.org to find a list of accredited agencies to ensure compliance with best-practice standards.“You can also start with the Better Business Bureau and find credit counseling agencies in your area that have A+ ratings and can ask if they are members of NFCC. Of cour se, not every good credit counseling agency is a member of NFCC and not every member agency can be the best, but it is a good place to start.”According to Ross, the kinds of research that one should conduct before working with a credit counselor include “understanding exactly what the agency is offering and make sure they can help you with your financial issues,” reading the fine print of the agreement, getting everything in writing, and “contacting your creditors and see if they are familiar   with a particular agency offering this type of service.”If your first contact with a credit counselor is over the phone, Herman recommends that you check and make sure that “the person you’re speaking with is a certified credit counselor and not a customer service representative.”When it comes to specific criteria you should be looking for, Ross has a very helpful list:Be sure the agency is charging you reasonable fees (not more than $50/month for a debt management plan), but this can vary by state.The credit counseling agency should be non-profit.The agency should have been in business for at least seven to ten years.The counselors at the credit counseling agency should be certified by an independent organization.The agency should be accredited by the International Standards Organization (ISO) or by the Council on Accreditation (COA).The agency should be a member of one of the trade associations: either Financial Counseling Association of America (FCAA) or the National Foundation for Credit Counseling (NFCC).Consumers should consider checking with the Better Business Bureau for any consumer complaints made against the agency.The agency you are considering should be licensed and bonded to do business in your state.The agencys willingness to waive the fees if you simply cant afford them.The agency should spend a reasonable amount of time for your consultation/budgeting session. At least an hour is needed.The agency should provide you with a written budget based on your personal financial situation.And lastly, the agency should be willing to offer free education to help you learn how to manage your finances. They should also provide ongoing education while in a debt management plan or even if you decided a DMP is not for you.Consider some DIY financial solutionsWhile credit counseling is a great financial solution for many people, it is by no means your only option. In fact, much of the work you do with a credit counselor is work that you can do yourself at home.Of course, it helps to have a professional working it through with you. But with a little determination and a whole lot of perseverance, you can tackle most financial problems yourself.There is very little a credit counseling agency does that a consumer could not do alone,” says Sullivan. “Every consumer could create a budget, analyze cash flow, prioritize payments, negotiate credit card terms and institute a plan for getting out of debt in five years or less.”Unfortuna tely, most consumers will not do all this by themselves, but just having a written budget and monitoring expenses for sixty days goes a long way toward taking control of your financial health.Herman agrees. “If a household has cash flow available in their budget, they can implement a debt reduction plan on their own,’ he says. “You use your extra cash to pay off one debt at a time as quickly as possible, typically starting with the debt that has the highest APR first.”“Consumers can also call their creditors individually to negotiate lower interest rates, which can make it easier to pay back a debt. In addition, there are several options for do-it-yourself debt consolidation, such as credit card balance transfers and personal debt consolidation loans.”Lastly, there’s one piece of advice that Herman says is most important of all: “Having ten percent of your take home pay deducted from your check and put into a separate savings account will eventually make you successf ul.”“The key to financial success is really saving; debt is just the way non-savers deal with expenses,” he says.Do you have experience with credit counseling? Did you find it helpful? We’d love to hear from you! You can get in touch with us on Twitter at @OppLoans.Visit OppLoans on YouTube | Facebook | Twitter | LinkedINContributorsGary Herman, President of Consolidated Credit Counseling Services Inc. (@ConsolidatedUS), is a consumer credit specialist and an AFCPE Certified Credit Counselor. He has been a part of Consolidated Credit for over 20 years and his expertise in establishing operations and marketing policies, hiring, and training financial counselors, has been a crucial advantage in Consolidated Credit’s success. As an expert who examines consumer credit trends, causes and effects of financial over-extension, Mr. Herman has been able to predict the needs of financially burdened consumers and provide Consolidated Credit’s certified counselors with the tools and educational materials required to keep ahead of the public’s needs.Katie Ross joined the American Consumer Credit Counseling, or ACCC, management team in 2002 and is currently responsible for organizing and implementing high-performance development initiatives designed to increase consumer financial awareness. Ms. Ross’s main focus is to conceptualize the creative strategic programming for ACCC’s client base and national base to ensure a maximum level of educational programs that support and cultivate ACCC’s organization.Mike Sullivan is a personal finance consultant with Take Charge America (@TCAsolutions), a national nonprofit credit counseling and debt management agency. He has more than 25 years of experience educating consumers about a wide range of budgeting, credit, debt and saving issues, and was instrumental in building Take Charge America’s financial education department and community initiatives. More at takechargeamerica.org.

Essay on Ticcing Away Tourette Syndrome - 3162 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"Tourette Kids† Sometimes we are happy Sometimes we are sad Sometimes we get teased Sometimes we get mad Although we seem different When tics appear each day Remember this disease chose us And no the other way So if we jerk, or yell, or swear Please try not to forget It isn’t us doing it But a disease called Tourette ----Jason Valencia---- Touretter 1986, 10 years old Living with Tourette syndrome gives a deeper insight to the highly misunderstood and understated disease, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. The book delves into the origin of the disease, the symptoms, the medications, and the treatments. Then the author gives thoughtful advice, a guide, so to speak, for†¦show more content†¦TSA is not a psychological illness or psychosis. The disease is biochemicall6y base4d and is genetically transferred, that is, a person is born with it, and it is not contagious. (Shimberg, 1995, p.81) TS is characterized by repetitive, sudden, and involuntary movements. Although there is no known medical, biological, or psychological test to diagnose Tourette Syndrome, specific guidelines were compiled in the 1980’s by the American Psychiatric Association. According to the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, also known as DSM-IV, five symptoms must be present. 1. Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics must have been present at some time during the illness, although not necessarily concurrently. A tic is defined as a sudden, rapid, recurrent, non-rhythmic, motor movement or vocalization. 2. The tics occur many times a day, usually in bouts, nearly every day or intermittently throughout a period of more that one year. During this period, there must have never been a tic-free period of more than three consecutive months. 3. The disturbance caused marked distress or significant impairments in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. 4. The onset of the disease’s symptoms occurs before the age of eighteen, and 5. The disturbance is not due to the direct

Whats Eating Gilbert Grape- Review and Critique - 2227 Words

What’s Eating Gilbert Grape. Film review and critique. Society’s ideological constructs and attitudes towards minority groups are created and reinforced through media imagery. Although negative associations that maintain inequities with regard to race, gender and homophobia (Conner Bejoian, 2006) have been somewhat relieved, disability is still immersed in harmful connotations that restrict and inhibit the life of people with disabilities in our society. Disability has appeared frequently in recent films (Byrd Elliot, 1988), a reflection of society’s interest in the subject. These films often misrepresent disability using stereotypes. These stereotypes reinforce negative and incorrect social perceptions of, and attitudes towards,†¦show more content†¦Whenever he tries to escape (usually to the water tower), he is ultimately returned back to this position of subordination under the care of others, which is typical of this stereotype (Hayes Black, 2003). A most common stereotype depicted of disabled characters is that of a ‘super-man’ (Safran, 2000) or ‘supercrip’ (Harnett, 2000), where a disabled character overcomes massive odds to beat or succeed in defeating their disability to become ‘normal’. The character is often seen as a hero to have made such progress. Although Arnie does not reflect a hero status, his character is beating his disability by the very fact that he is still alive. In the opening scenes of the movie, Gilbert’s narration lets the audience know that â€Å"doctors said we’d be lucky if Arnie lived to be ten, well ten came and went† (Matalon, Ohlsson, Teper Hallstrà ¶m, 1993), implying Arnie’s ‘triumph over tragedy’. He defies death that would be otherwise be brought about by his disability. Although not a thematic stereotype reinforced throughout this whole film, it is typical of a disabled character to be represented as a victim or object of violence (Safran, 2000). At the climax of the film, Gilbert’s overwhelming frustration and anger of his life situation overflows into a violent episode directed at Arnie. On occasions throughout the film, Arnie is portrayed as an innocent a victim or object of violence from hisShow MoreRelatedProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesCritical chain method Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Reducing Project Duration Leadership Chapter 2 Organization Strategy and Project Selection 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 1.4.1 Managing the portfolio 1.4.3 Strategy and projects 2.3 Stakeholders and review boards 12.1 RFP’s and vendor selection (.3.4.5) 11.2.2.6 SWAT analysis 6.5.2.7 Schedule compression 9.4.2.5 Leadership skills G.1 Project leadership 10.1 Stakeholder management Chapter 11 Teams Chapter 3 Organization: Structure and

Gemstone and Diamond Mining Through the Years Free Essays

Gemstones have been a symbol of wealth from the ancient times up to the present. These stones with their own characteristic, unique and special properties have always been associated to beauty too. Popular and famous persons throughout history, especially those from the noble family have used gemstone to adorn not only themselves but their dwellings as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Gemstone and Diamond Mining Through the Years or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the United States, mining of these stones has been for recreational activity only for collectors and hobbyists since 1935 (Gemstones Production, USGS). Nevertheless, as the value of gemstones inflated, large scale mining operations have been initiated. In this paper, we would explore the world of gemstones; what truly fits the word gemstone, how are they classified and the methods of mining. Gemstones The word â€Å"gem† actually came from the Latin word gemma, which means â€Å"bud† (Microsoft Encarta). It is a very fitting name since gems seem to bud out of the earth’s crust like flowers in a garden. Gem or gemstone means any mineral or organic material that can be used to decorate one’s body, for display or can be considered an object of art due to its unique properties it possesses such as beauty, rarity and durability. Colored and diamond gemstones are subcategories of gemstones. Basically, colored gemstones are all other stones except diamond such as amber, coral and shell (Olson 32.1). On the other hand, natural gemstones are minerals, stones or any organic matter that can be cut, polished, or treated for use as jewelry or other personal ornament (Gemstones Terms, USGS). Gemstones can be further classified as precious or semiprecious gemstones. Precious gemstones have beauty, durability and rarity, while semiprecious gemstones have only one to two of these characteristics (Gemstones Terms, USGS). Diamond, ruby, sapphire, emerald, aquamarine, topaz and opal are classified as precious gemstones while others are treated as semiprecious (Gemstones Terms, USGS). Since gemstones are rare, they are not plentiful and these stones do not form ores like other mining products. They tend to be scattered throughout a large body of rock or can be crystals found on small cavities of rocks (Gemstones Environment, USGS). Gemstones are primarily found from Tennessee, Alabama, Arkansas, North Carolina, Oregon and Arizona (Gemstones Specialist 64). However, most gem diamond reserves are not found in the United States. Diamonds are usually mined from Southern Africa, Russia, and Western Australia (Gemstones Specialist 65). The very first used as jewelry were amber, amethyst, coral, diamond, emerald, garnet, jade, lapis lazuli, pearl, rock crystal, ruby, serpentine and turquoise (Olson 32.1). In the US, the commercial gemstone industry consists of individuals and companies that mine gemstones or harvest shell and pearls, firms that manufacture synthetic gemstones and individuals and companies that cut natural and synthetic gemstones (Olson 32.1). Worldwide, the industry is only composed of two sectors: diamond mining and marketing and the production and sale of colored gemstones (Olson 32.3). Throughout the year, few of the diamonds mined are of gem quality; much of them are of near-gem and industrial in quality. Gem quality diamonds display high standards of excellence in quality and can be sold as jewelry. Clarity of such diamonds is from flawless through to visible inclusions. On the other hand, near-gem quality represents diamonds that fall between gem and industrial quality and thus can be used for either purpose.   Clarity of this set is from visible inclusions to industrial. Lastly, industrial quality diamonds are of low quality and cannot be used as jewelry or adornment. These diamonds are suitable only for industrial use such as dentist’s drills and earthmoving equipment (Mining Diamonds). Diamonds are formed beneath the earth’s surface and required tremendous pressure and temperature. Like diamonds, most gems are crystals formed by cooling hot gases, solutions, and melts. As the earth’s soil surface weathers and erodes, and rivers forcefully flow through, gemstones may be exposed and be unearthed where one can even simply bend over the riverbank and pick them up (Microsoft Encarta). Mining One of the two primary industries of early civilization is mining. Like agriculture, it is one of humankind’s earliest endeavors (Introduction to Mining 1). In 3400, Egyptians in Sinai did the first ever-recorded mining where they have found turquoise (Introduction to Mining 7). Usually, gemstones are excavated at the surface. However, through the years, underground mining especially for diamonds have been developed. Unlike surface mining, underground mining is more complicated and expensive. It involves the efficiency, safety and permanence underground (Introduction to Mining 11). Mining is the process of obtaining useful minerals from the earth’s crust. Its process requires excavations in underground mines and surface excavations in open pit or open cut mines. Thus, it involves physical removal of rock and earth to acquire gems and other important minerals. (Microsoft Encarta). Mining consists of four stages. These stages are prospecting or search for mineral deposits, exploration or the work included in evaluating the extent of economic value of the deposit, innovation or the work of preparing access to the deposit so that the minerals can be extorted from it and exploitation which is the process of extracting the minerals (Microsoft Encarta). Methods of Mining There are several methods of mining. For gemstones, they are usually obtained on rivers and shores. However, there are also other ways of obtaining them in large scale mining operations. Exploitation methods can be classified into two categories based on setting which are surface and underground mining. Surface mining operations consists of mechanical excavation techniques such as open pit and open cast or strip mining. There are also aqueous methods such as placer mining and solution mining. On the other hand, underground mining is usually categorized into unsupported, supported and caving methods (Introduction to Mining 11). Placer mining involves excavating loose or alluvial such as sand and gravel. The sought after gems are separated from the sand or gravel by a series of screens, jigs and sluices. This type of mining is usually used for diamonds and rubies (Microsoft Encarta). At present, surface mining involves production of blastholes 3-15 inches in diameter by rotary or percussion drills for the placement of explosives in order to remove consolidated rock. The explosives are then inserted and detonated. The material then is loaded and hauled for transport (Introduction to Mining 15). Diamond Mining Diamonds are mined by pipe or alluvial methods. In pipe mining, extraction of diamonds is done from volcanic pipes. Unlike other gems, diamonds are usually found underground and on volcanic rocks and lands. In diamond pipe mining, large areas are exploited wherein an average of 250 tons of volcanic rock is mined just to produce a one-carat gem quality polished diamond (Mining Diamonds). Due to this intricate and costly process, diamonds are really rare and precious. Diamond pipe mines are composed of kimberlite material called blue ground. At the start, kimberlite is dug from the surface by rough opencast mining. Nevertheless, as the surface deposits are exhausted, pipe mining is employed by sinking shafts into the ground at the edge of pipes and tunnels are driven into the deeper parts of the pipes. By doing so, diamond-bearing rock is excavated and is then transported for screening (Mining Diamonds). Another method of diamond mining is alluvial mining. In this method, diamonds are extracted from riverbeds or ocean beaches. It is true that diamonds are made inside volcanic pipes and lands, however, millions of years allowed that some of the diamonds formed are weathered out of the volcanic pipes and carried to great distances by rivers and oceans. Thus, the process of alluvial mining involves building a wall that holds back the surf. About 25 meters of sand is demolished aside to reach the diamond-containing level in the ocean and riverbeds. The diamond-containing sand is then acquired and transported to screening plants (Mining Diamonds). In screening plants, diamonds with kimberlite are cleaned and purified. Separation of the diamonds from the kimberlite ore involves a process much like the panning of gold. The kimberlite ore is put into large funnels along with a heavy fluid and is then, mixed in a rotating manner. Since diamonds are heavier than the other materials from which it is mined, they sink into the bottom of the funnels and spill out. After this process, the diamond is almost free from other waste (Mining for Diamonds). Diamonds can then be washed on shaking grease-covered tables. Uncut diamonds then adhere to the grease while the other fragments of waste ore are vibrated past and are discharged to tailings pile. The tables are then scraped for diamonds in the grease and then are boiled to melt the grease and separate the diamonds (Microsoft Encarta). Finally, these diamonds are separated into different grades or quality as industrial, gemstone or near-gem grades. After-Mining Operations Rough uncut diamonds do not actually look attractive. Such diamonds are needed to be cut and polished before anyone can see their beauty and relevance in personal adornment and jewelry. The process of cutting and polishing originated in India where Indian natives discovered a way to make rough diamonds glisten by simply grinding another diamond against it (Mining Diamonds). Diamonds are known for their hardness, no material has ever been found which is capable of cutting diamond until the Indians found out that diamonds could actually be cut and polished by diamonds. The process of cutting and polishing typically lasts for several hours to several months. After which, the diamond will turn out lighter for at least half of its original weight (Mining Diamonds). Diamonds are first carefully examined before cutting. Diamonds are popularly cut into round brilliant since this shape gives the greatest possible brilliance with the minimal weight loss. Cutting uses an instrument similar to grinders. This cutting instrument is made of a paper-thin metal disc coated with diamond dust revolving at a fast speed. Lasers can also cut diamonds nowadays. The corners of the diamonds are then rounded by grinding another diamond producing some dust that can later be used in polishing. Diamonds are then polished to make them sparkle brighter. The diamond dust from the cutting is placed on a turntable made of iron and oiled. The cut diamond is then grinded against the turntable until it sparkles beautifully (Mining Diamonds). Conclusion Gemstones are treasures not only of powerful people but also of mighty and ancient civilizations. As humankind became civilized, gemstones such as diamonds and sapphires became symbols of prosperity and elegance. Their crystalline structure, the rarity, and the arduous process of mining them have lived up to their symbolism throughout the years and continue to do so. Works Cited â€Å"Gemstones Environment.† 18 June 1997. United States Geological Surveys, USGS. 30 April 2008 http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/gemstones/environment.html.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Gemstones Production.† 18 June 1997. United States Geological Surveys, USGS. 30 April 2008 http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/gemstones/production.html. â€Å"Gemstones Terms.† 18 June 1997. United States Geological Surveys, USGS. 30 April 2008 http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/gemstones/terms.html. â€Å"Gemstones†. Gemstones Specialist (703) 648-7721, Mineral Commodity Summaries, January 1996. USGS. 30 April 2008 http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/gemstoned/gemstmcs96.pdf. â€Å"Introduction to Mining.† 30 April 2008. http://media.wiley.com/product_data/excerpt/11/04713485/0471348511.pdf. â€Å"Mining.† Microsoft Encarta 2007. 1993-2006 Microsoft Corporation. CD-ROM. â€Å"Mining Diamonds†. 30 April 2008 http://work/gemstones/Mining Diamonds.htm. â€Å"Mining for Diamonds.† 30 April 2008 http://work/gemstones/Mining for Diamonds.htm. Olson, Donald. â€Å"Gemstones.† USGS 2000 Yearbook. USGS. 30 April 2008 http://minerals.er.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/gemstones/gemstmyb00.pdf How to cite Gemstone and Diamond Mining Through the Years, Essay examples

Psychodynamic Theory free essay sample

Many psychologists have proposed theories that try to explain the origins of personality. One highly influential set of theories stems from the work of Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud, who first proposed the theory of psychoanalysis. Collectively, these theories are known as psychodynamic theories. Although many different psychodynamic theories exist, they all emphasize unconscious motives and desires, as well as the importance of childhood experiences in shaping personality. Sigmund Freud’s Theory of Psychoanalysis In the late 1800s and early 1900s, Freud developed a technique that he called psychoanalysis and used it to treat mental disorders. He formed his theory of psychoanalysis by observing his patients. According to psychoanalytic theory, personalities arise because of attempts to resolve conflicts between unconscious sexual and aggressive impulses and societal demands to restrain these impulses. The Conscious, the Preconscious, and the Unconscious Freud believed that most mental processes are unconscious. He proposed that people have three levels of awareness: The conscious contains all the information that a person is paying attention to at any given time. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychodynamic Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Example: The words Dan is reading, the objects in his field of vision, the sounds he can hear, and any thirst, hunger, or pain he is experiencing at the moment are all in his conscious. * The preconscious contains all the information outside of a person’s attention but readily available if needed. Example: Linda’s telephone number, the make of her car, and many of her past experiences are in her preconscious. The unconscious contains thoughts, feelings, desires, and memories of which people have no awareness but that influence every aspect of their day-to-day lives. Example: Stan’s unconscious might contain angry feelings toward his mother or a traumatic incident he experienced at age four. Freud believed that information in the unconscious emerges in slips of the tongue, jokes, dreams, illness symptoms, and the associations people make between ideas. The Freudian Slip Cathy calls up her mother on Mother’s Day and says, â€Å"You’re the beast, Mom,† when she consciously intended to say, â€Å"You’re the best, Mom. According to psychoanalytic theory, this slip of the tongue, known as a Freudian slip, reveals her unconscious anger toward her mother. The Id, the Ego, and the Superego Freud proposed that personalities have three component s: the id, the ego, and the superego. * Id: a reservoir of instinctual energy that contains biological urges such as impulses toward survival, sex, and aggression. The id is unconscious and operates according to the pleasure principle, the drive to achieve pleasure and avoid pain. The id is characterized by primary process thinking, which is illogical, irrational, and motivated by a desire for the immediate gratification of impulses. * Ego: the component that manages the conflict between the id and the constraints of the real world. Some parts of the ego are unconscious, while others are preconscious or conscious. The ego operates according to the reality principle, the awareness that gratification of impulses has to be delayed in order to accommodate the demands of the real world. The ego is characterized by secondary process thinking, which is logical and rational. The ego’s role is to prevent the id from gratifying its impulses in socially inappropriate ways. * Superego: the moral component of personality. It contains all the moral standards learned from parents and society. The superego forces the ego to conform not only to reality but also to its ideals of morality. Hence, the superego causes people to feel guilty when they go against society’s rules. Like the ego, the superego operates at all three levels of awareness.